PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.